【新唐人2014年04月21日訊】鑒於中國耕地資源緊缺，耕地污染尤其令人擔憂。 中共官方最新數據顯示，全中國有近五分之一的耕地受到污染。土地污染型態又以重金屬為主，佔全部污染超標土地的80%以上。
17號，中共環境保護部和國土資源部，聯合發佈全中國首次土壤污染狀況調查公報。調查結果顯示，中國土壤環境狀況「不容樂觀」，部分地區土壤污染較重。其中，耕地土壤環境質量堪憂，工礦業廢棄地土壤環境問題凸出。
這項為期7年的調查，實際調查面積為630萬平方公里。公報顯示，全中國土壤總的超標率為16.1%，其中有超過1%的耕地受到重度污染。但是報告沒有界定甚麼程度的污染是重度污染。
從土地利用類型看，耕地、林地、草地土壤超標率分別為19.4%、10.0%、10.4%。
中國問題專家，北京《國情內參》期刊首席研究員鞏勝利表示，實際情況可能要比這些數據嚴重的多。他說，以前中共環保部曾發表數據，說中國河流的80％以上都被污染，這次公布耕地污染面積卻僅為20%。
鞏勝利：「我覺得這個數據有問題。因為都知道，中國的北方，還有南方開放地區，像廣東、福建、浙江、上海，土地和水土（問題）相當相當厲害了。所以它現在公布的這個數據我想是處理過的。 」
公報說，從污染類型看，以無機型（金屬與重金屬）為主，有機型次之，複合型污染比重較小，無機污染物超標數值佔全部超標數值的82.8%。
中共環保部說，土壤環境質量受多重因素影響，中國土壤污染是經濟社會發展過程中長期纍積形成的。而工礦業、農業生產等人類活動和自然背景等，是造成土壤污染或超標的主要原因。
原《陝西電視臺》編輯馬曉明：「環境治理現在也成為政府和環境保護部門斂財的一種手段，主要就是罰款。『反正我交了罰款了，我已經付出代價了，那我污染環境就是名正言順的了。』當然了，你像現在政府把城市里許許多多直接冒黑煙的企業，要麼你就除塵、要麼把你遷走、要麼你就關閉，它遷走了，它還在其它地方繼續冒黑煙。」
在此之前，中共環境監管部門拒絕披露全國土壤污染數據，並把它稱作一項「國家秘密」。
北京律師董正偉在過去一年多，一直向有關部門呼籲公開全國土壤污染調查數據。在當局拒絕這一請求後，董正偉受到廣泛關注。
馬曉明：「在很長一個歷史時期，中共根本就不公布環境保護的標準，就不讓中國人知道， 現在迫不得已了，有時候做一些公布，發表一些情況，但是這些情況往往繼續掩飾真實的情況。而且中國現在制定的環境治理標準、環境安全標準，與國際標準還是有差距的。」
董正偉週四接受媒體採訪時表示，這是讓公民在環境保護問題上享有知情權的第一步。但也有專家表示，當局發佈這份數據只是做個姿態，並沒有提供確切的解決方案。
馬曉明：「也只是口頭上、主要就是口頭上重視啦。真正撥了多少錢，錢是不是用在了該用的地方，是不是真正對社會的責任感，能否從全面和長遠的，綜合的效益上來思考問題和處理問題，是很值得打個問號的。」
鞏勝利：「我覺得現在公布這個數據，只是像徵性的，真正到深入的治理，最少最少都要十幾年的功夫和時間來容納。」
雖然，中共當局宣佈了一系列整治土壤污染的政策和計劃，其中包括正在起草中的土壤污染法，對此，中國環境專家藍虹在接受媒體採訪時曾經表示，這一草案沒有對嚴重事故的責任方做出明確規範，這讓法院難以懲處。
去年2月，中共環保部公布了《化學品環境風險防控十二五規劃》，承認了「癌症村」的存在，這距離中國媒體首次報導這一問題已經過去數年。
據世界衛生組織今年2月發佈的報告說，中國大陸的癌症發病率目前世界最高。
採訪/朱智善 編輯/王子琦 後製/孫寧
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CCP Official Environmental Report States Over 20% Of Farmland Polluted
Pollution of arable land is a serious problem in China. This problem is exasperated by arable land being a limited resource. A recent survey conducted by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), concludes that one-fifth of China’s farmland is polluted. Pollution is mainly due to heavy metals, which accounts as the source of over 80% of pollution in farmland.
On April 17, the CCP Ministry of Environmental Protection and Ministry of Land Resources, jointly announced an official report on China’s soil pollution. The report describes the situation as “not optimistic”, stating soil has been seriously polluted in some regions. The environmental quality of farmland is described as “worrisome.” Environmental problems from abandoned mining land is a particularly serious problem.
The study was carried out over 7 years, covering 6.3 million square kilometers of land in China. The report states 16.1% of the state’s land is polluted, amongst which 1% is “heavily polluted”. However, the report does not mention how it defines levels as “heavily polluted”.
The ratio of polluted arable land, woodland and grassland are 19.4%, 10.0% and 10.4% respectively.
Gong Shengli, a China expert, and Chief Researcher of Guo Qing Nei Can Journal, commented on the issue. The real situation could be much worse than what has been reported. Gong said that according to previous reports from the CCP Ministry of Environmental Protection, over 80% of China’s river systems are polluted. In comparison, this latest report only states 20% of China’s land is polluted.
Gong Shengli, Chief Researcher, Guo Qing Nei Can Journal: “I doubt this number is true. As we all know, in northern China and southern economic open areas such as Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang and Shanghai, land and water pollution has become very bad. So I think statistics in the CCP official report are forged ones.”
The report states that the pollutants are mostly inorganic materials, such as metals and heavy metals. Only a minority of pollutants are organic and the ratio of compound pollution is comparatively small. Inorganic pollutants contribute to 82.8% of the total.
According to the CCP Ministry of Environmental Protection, soil quality is affected by multiple factors. China’s soil pollution is an accumulated result of unchecked economic development. Human activities such as mining, agriculture, as well as expanding urban populations are major causes of pollution.
Ma Xiaoming, former editor, Shaanxi TV Station: “Environmental protection has now also become an excuse for the CCP regime to make money. It mostly does this via the use of fines. This creates the mindset of, “I’ve been fined and have paid for what I did, so it is justified for me to pollute.” In some cities, local governments now require dirty industries to either move, shut down or reduce pollution. But they move away and continue to pollute the environment elsewhere.”
Recently, CCP environmental departments still refused to release soil pollution data, claiming them as “state secrets.”
For over a year, Beijing lawyer Dong Zhengwei has been calling on the CCP authorities to announce statistics about soil pollution. His request was denied but his activities have drawn a lot of public attention.
Ma Xiaoming: “For a long period of time, the CCP has refused to release any data on environmental protection, as it does not want Chinese people knowing the truth. Now the situation is so bad that it has had to release something. However, those reports probably still serve to hide more serious problems. China’s current standards in environmental protection and safety are still falling far behind global equivalents.
In an interview on Thursday, Lawyer Dong Zhengwei told media that the official report was a first step toward the CCP sharing information with Chinese civilians on this issue. However, some experts commented that the CCP’s recent announcement is only superficial. The report does not provide any real solution to these serious problems.
Ma Xiaoming: “Everything stays within the realm of talking. How much money has been put into the right places to solve these problems? Is the regime really responsible to Chinese society? Can they undertake comprehensive thinking and take action based on long-term benefits? All these are very questionable.”
Gong Shengli: “I think that statement is only symbolic. At the very least, it takes over ten years of hard efforts to make any improvement.”
The CCP authority did announce a series of polices and plans toward improvement of soil pollution. This included a soil pollution law that is currently being drafted. However, Lan Hong, a Chinese environmental expert told media that the law makes no clear regulation for those responsible for serious environmental accidents. Therefore the court will hardly be able to punish them.
Last February, the CCP Ministry of Environmental Protection released it’s twelfth version of a ‘Five-Year Plan on Environmental Risk Control of Chemicals’. The report officially admitted the existence of “cancer villages” in China. This admission was several years following the first media reports on the issue.
The World Health Organization reported this February that China currently has the highest cancer rate in the world.
